DETERMINAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DIARE DI SUKOHARJO, JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2023: ANALISIS SPASIAL
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Abstract
Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang masih menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas, terutama pada balita. Selama diare, air dan elektrolit termasuk natrium, klorida, kalium, dan bikarbonat hilang melalui tinja cair, muntah, keringat, urin, dan pernapasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kesehatan lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian diare melalui analisis spasial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif berdasarkan tempat atau lokasi. Studi ini bersifat deskriptif dengan populasi sebagai unit analisisnya (unit analisis agregat). Selain itu, penelitian dengan desain ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari institusi terkait. Pada penelitian ini, penyakit yang diteliti adalah kejadian diare, sementara faktor risiko yang diteliti adalah sarana air minum, jamban sehat, jumlah penduduk. Pada tahun 2023, data menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Mojolaban merupakan wilayah dengan jumlah sarana air minum paling sedikit di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, yaitu hanya sebanyak 11 tempat. Kondisi ini berkorelasi dengan tingginya angka kejadian diare di wilayah tersebut yang mencapai 2.506 kasus. Situasi ini menandakan bahwa keterbatasan akses terhadap air bersih dapat meningkatkan risiko masyarakat terkena penyakit diare. Di sisi lain, Kecamatan Grogol tercatat sebagai wilayah dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar di Sukoharjo, yakni sebanyak 121.584 jiwa. Selain itu, Grogol juga memiliki jumlah jamban sehat terbanyak dengan total 40.454 kepala keluarga (KK). Meskipun begitu, jumlah kasus diare di kecamatan ini juga tinggi, yaitu mencapai 3.283 kasus, menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan fasilitas sanitasi saja tidak cukup untuk menekan angka kejadian diare apabila tidak disertai perilaku hidup bersih dan pengelolaan limbah yang memadai. Kesimpulan: Tingginya kejadian diare di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, khususnya di Kecamatan Mojolaban dan Grogol, berkaitan erat dengan keterbatasan sarana air minum, tingginya jumlah penduduk, serta belum optimalnya pemanfaatan jamban sehat.
Kata Kunci: diare, jumlah penduduk, jamban sehat
Diarrhea is one of the global health problems that is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in toddlers. During diarrhea, water and electrolytes including sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate are lost through loose stools, vomiting, sweat, urine, and respiration. This study aims to determine the environmental health determinants that influence diarrhea incidence through spatial analysis. This study uses a quantitative method based on place or location. This study is descriptive with population as the unit of analysis (aggregate analysis unit). In addition, research with this design uses secondary data obtained from related institutions. In this study, the disease studied was diarrhea incidence, while the risk factors studied were drinking water facilities, healthy toilets, and population. In 2023, data shows that Mojolaban District is the area with the fewest number of drinking water facilities in Sukoharjo Regency, which is only 11 places. This condition correlates with the high incidence of diarrhea in the area, which reached 2,506 cases. This situation indicates that limited access to clean water can increase the risk of people getting diarrhea. On the other hand, Grogol District is recorded as the area with the largest population in Sukoharjo, which is 121,584 people. In addition, Grogol also has the largest number of healthy latrines with a total of 40,454 heads of families (KK). Even so, the number of diarrhea cases in this district is also high, reaching 3,283 cases, indicating that the existence of sanitation facilities alone is not enough to reduce the incidence of diarrhea if it is not accompanied by clean living behavior and adequate waste management. Conclusion: The high incidence of diarrhea in Sukoharjo Regency, especially in Mojolaban and Grogol Districts, is closely related to limited drinking water facilities, the high population, and the less than optimal use of healthy latrines.
Keywords: diarrhea, healthy toilets, population,
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