IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PERENCANAAN PERSALINAN DAN PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASI (P4K) KAITANNYA DENGAN PENYEBAB KEMATIAN MATERNAL
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) adalah sebuah program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk mendorong percepatan penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI). Apabila cakupan ibu hamil yang memperoleh parameter pemantauan P4K sampai dengan 80%, maka diharapkan angka kematian ibu yang diakibatkan oleh komplikasi dapat menurun hingga 6000 jiwa dari 2.052.000 per tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Penerapan Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K) terhadap penyebab kematian ibu. Subyek dan metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan pada 34 Provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2019. Besar sampel sebesar 9472 puskesmas di Indonesia. Variabel dependen adalah Penerapan Program Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi (P4K). Variabel independen antara lain perdarahan, hipertensi dalam kehamilan, infeksi, gangguan sistem peredaran darah, dan gangguan metabolik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian: perdarahan (b= 6.55; 95% CI= 2.81 to 10.29; p=0.001), hipertensi dalam kehamilan (b= 0.79; 95% CI= -2.11 to 3.69; p= 0.583), meningkatkan keikutsertaan Penerapan P4K. Rendahnya variabel lain, seperti infeksi (b= -1.33; 95% CI= -10.87 to 8.20; p= 0.777), gangguan system peredaran darah (b= -8.95; 95% CI= -13.50 to -4.40; p=<0.001), gangguan metabolik (b= -0.27; 95% CI= -4.75 to 4.21; p=0.903) akan menurunkan keikutsertaan Penerapan P4K. Keikutsertaan ibu dalam Penerapan P4K akan membantu menurunkan komplikasi dalam kehamilan, seperti perdarahan, hipertensi dalam kehamilan, infeksi, gangguan sistem peredaran darah dan gangguan metabolik.
Kata kunci: kematian maternal, program perencanaan persalinan dan pencegahan komplikasi, puskesmas
Background: The Delivery Planning and Complication Prevention Program (P4K) is a government program that aims to accelerate the reduction of the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR). If the coverage of pregnant women receiving P4K monitoring parameters is up to 80%, it is expected that the maternal mortality rate caused by complications can decrease to 6,000 people from 2,052,000 per year. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Birth Planning and Complication Prevention Program (P4K) on the causes of maternal death. Subjects and method: this research is an analytical study with a retrospective cohort study design which was conducted in 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2019. The sample size is 9472 puskesmas in Indonesia. The dependent variable is the Implementation of the Birth Planning and Complication Prevention Program (P4K). Independent variables include bleeding, hypertension in pregnancy, infection, circulatory system disorders, and metabolic disorders. Data collection uses secondary data and is analyzed using multiple linear regression. Result: bleeding (b= 6.55; 95% CI= 2.81 to 10.29; p= 0.001), hypertension in pregnancy (b= 0.79; 95% CI= -2.11 to 3.69; p= 0.583), increasing the participation of P4K implementation. Low other variables, such as infection (b= -1.33; 95% CI= -10.87 to 8.20; p= 0.777), circulatory system disorders (b= -8.95; 95% CI= -13.50 to -4.40; p=<0.001), metabolic disorders (b= -0.27; 95% CI= -4.75 to 4.21; p=0.903) will reduce the participation in implementing P4K. Mothers’ participation in implementing P4K will help reduce complications in pregnancy, such as bleeding, hypertension in pregnancy, infection, circulatory system disorders, and metabolic disorders.
Keywords: delivery planning and complication prevention programs, health centers, maternal mortality
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