ANALISIS PRAKTIK PERENCANAAN PERSALINAN DAN PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASI (P4K) BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK SOSIODEMOGRAFI IBU DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
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Abstract
Latar belakang: program perencanaan persalinan dan pencegahan komplikasi upaya preventif untuk mencegah kematian ibu melalui pencegahan tiga keterlambatan. Studi terkait praktik perencanaan persalinan dan pencegahan komplikasi oleh ibu dan keluarga masih terbatas, terutama di kabupaten Jember sebagai kabupaten penyumbang Angka Kematian Ibu tertinggi di provinsi Jawa Timur selama tiga tahun sejak tahun 2019 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik sosiodemografi dengan praktik P4K. Metode penelitian menggunakan analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dilakukan di Puskesmas Sumberbaru, Jember pada bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2023. Ibu postpartum sejumlah 78 dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen kuesioner diadaptasi dari kuesioner P4K oleh JHPIEGO dan observasi menggunakan buku KIA. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas ibu postpartum dalam kategori usia bukan risiko tinggi, berpendidikan rendah, memiliki pendapatan keluarga kurang, tidak bekerja, memiliki asuransi kesehatan, dan bukan termasuk keluarga penerima bantuan sosial. Sejumlah 69,2% ibu postpartum termasuk dalam kategori “persiapan kurang” dalam praktik P4K. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor pendapatan keluarga (p-value = 0,042 dengan nilai OR= 0,30; CI95%= 0.10 to 0.86) berhubungan dengan praktik P4K yang dilaksanakan oleh ibu dan keluarga. Kesimpulan menunjukkan pendapatan keluarga berhubungan dengan praktik perencanaan persalinan dan pencegahan komplikasi yang dilakukan oleh ibu dan keluarga. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kerjasama lintas sektor di wilayah terkait fasilitasi praktik P4K melalui penggunaan aplikasi di tingkat lokal sehingga dapat mengurangi beban finansial masyarakat dalam mengakses fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan.
Kata kunci: pendapatan keluarga, perencanaan persalinan dan pencegahan komplikasi, postpartum
The birth preparedness and complication readiness program is a preventive effort to prevent maternal death by preventing three delays. Studies related to birth planning practices and prevention of complications by mothers and families are still limited, especially in Jember district the which contributed to the highest maternal mortality rate in East Java province for three years from 2019 to 2021. Objective: This study analyzes the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and P4K practices. Method: Analytical research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted at the Sumberbaru Community Health Center, Jember, from April to June 2023. 78 postpartum mothers were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The instrument was adapted from the P4K questionnaire by JHPIEGO and observations using the KIA book. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Most postpartum mothers were in the non-high-risk age category, had low education, had less family income, did not work, had health insurance, and were not included in families receiving social assistance. 69.2% of postpartum mothers fall into the "insufficient preparation" category in P4K practices. The results of the analysis show that the family income factor (p-value = 0.042 with OR = 0.30; CI 95% = 0.10 to 0.86) is related to P4K practices carried out by mothers and families. Conclusion: Family income is related to birth planning practices and preventing complications from mothers and families. Therefore, there is a need for cross-sector collaboration in the region regarding the facilitation of P4K practices through the use of applications at the local level so that it can reduce the financial burden on the community in accessing health service facilities.
Keywords: birth preparedness and complication readiness, family income, postpartum
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