KEJADIAN NEONATUS NEONATORUM BERDASARKAN BERAT BADAN BAYI DAN USIA GESTASI DI RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Ikterus merupakan penyakit hati yang disebabkan pewarnaan kuning yang tampak pada sklera (selaput putih mata) dan kulit bayi yang disebabkan oleh penumpukan bilirubin (pigmen kuning dalam empedu, darah dan tinja). Penyebab ikterus neonatorum lainnya adalah kelahiran premature. Menurut WHO bahwa setiap tahun bayi baru lahir mengalami ikterus kira-kira 3% (3,6 juta) dari 120 juta dan hampir 1 juta bayi yang mengalami ikterus kemudian meninggal dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian neonatus neonatorum berdasarkan berat badan lahir bayi dan usia gestasi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan data kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan data sekunder dan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Didapatkan hasil dari 274 bayi yang terbagi menjadi case 137 bayi diambil dengan cara purposive sampling dan control 137 bayi diambil dengan cara simple random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, semua subyek lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah semuanya mengalami ikterus neonatorum. Sedangkan usia gestasi premature 24,5% dan aterm 25,5% bayi yang mengalami ikterus neonatorum. Uji chi square digunakan dalam menganalisa data penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan antara berat badan lahir bayi dengan kejadian ikterus neonatorum memiliki nilai fisher’s exact 0,000 dan antara usia gestasi dengan kejadian ikterus neonatorum memiliki nilai p-value 0,000. Kesimpulannya ada hubungan antara berat badan lahir bayi dan usia gestasi dengan kejadian ikterus neonatorum di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta tahun 2022.
Kata kunci: bayi, ikterus, berat badan lahir bayi, usia gestasi, ikterus neonatorum
Background: Jaundice is a liver disease caused by yellow coloring that appears on the sclera (white membrane of the eye) and baby's skin caused by a buildup of bilirubin (yellow pigment in bile, blood and feces). Another cause of neonatal jaundice is premature birth. According to WHO, approximately 3% (3.6 million) of the 120 million newborns experience jaundice every year and nearly 1 million babies who experience jaundice then die. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonates based on birth weight and gestational age at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital. The research design uses quantitative data. Data was collected using secondary data and using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results were obtained from 274 babies which were divided into cases, 137 babies taken by purposive sampling and control 137 babies taken by simple random sampling. Based on the research results, all subjects born with low birth weight all experienced neonatal jaundice. Meanwhile, 24.5% of premature gestational age and 25.5% of babies at term experienced neonatal jaundice. The chi square test was used to analyze this research data. The results of the study showed that the birth weight of the baby and the incidence of neonatal jaundice had a Fisher's exact of 0.000 and between gestational age and the incidence of neonatal jaundice had a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, there is a relationship between the baby's birth weight and gestational age with the incidence of neonatal jaundice at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta in 2022.
Keywords: baby, jaundice, baby birth weight, gestational age, neonatal jaundice
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