SCOPING REVIEW: FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI POST PARTUM
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Abstract
AKI (Angka Kematian Ibu) merupakan salah satu indikator untuk melihat keberhasilan upaya kesehatan ibu. Tingginya AKI saat ini masih menjadi masalah besar di dunia. Infeksi post partum adalah semua peradangan yang disebabkan oleh masuknya kuman-kuman ke dalam alat-alat genetalia pada waktu persalinan dan nifas. Oleh karena itu pengendalian faktor resiko merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam upaya menurunkan prevalensi infeksi post partum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor resiko infeksi post partum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Scoping Review, data elektronik diperoleh dari Google scholar, BioMed Central, Pubmed, yang dipublikasikan tahun 2016-2021. Diperoleh 367 artikel, dianalisis dengan pedoman PRISMA, hasil ada 5 artikel yang memenuhi syarat sesuai kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu faktor resiko infeksi postpartum meliputi kunjungan ANC, persalinan caesar, pemeriksaan vagina, diabetes mellitus gestasional, ketuban pecah dini, IMT > 25, plasenta previa, plasenta akreta, perdarahan postpartum, anemia selama kehamilan, pemeriksaan vagina, persalinan di rumah, preeklamsia dan partus lama. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor resiko infeksi paling dominan adalah kunjungan ANC, persalinan caesar, pemeriksaan vagina, diabetes mellitus gestasional dan ketuban pecah dini.
Kata kunci: faktor resiko, infeksi post partum
MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate) is one indicator to see the success of maternal health efforts. The high AKI is still a big problem in the world. Post partum infection is all inflammation caused by the entry of germs into the genital organs at the time of delivery and puerperium. Therefore, controlling risk factors is very important in an effort to reduce the prevalence of postpartum infection. This study aims to identify risk factors for post partum infection. Research method used Scoping review, electronic data obtained from Google scholar, BioMed Central, Pubmed, published in 2016-2021. Obtained 367 articles, analyzed with PRISMA guidelines, the results are 5 articles that meet the requirements according to the inclusion criteria. Results showed that risk factors for postpartum infection included ANC visits, caesarean delivery, vaginal examination, gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes, BMI > 25, placenta previa, placenta accreta, postpartum hemorrhage, anemia during pregnancy, vaginal examination, home delivery, preeclampsia and old parturition. The conclusion of the study were the most dominant infection risk factors were ANC visits, caesarean delivery, vaginal examination, gestational diabetes mellitus and premature rupture of membranes.
Keywords: post partum infection, risk factors
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