LITERATUR REVIEW : FAKTOR PENYEBAB ASFIKSIA NEONATORUM
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan indikator derajat kesehatan di suatu masyarakat. Salah satu kejadian intrapartum yang memiliki kontribusi besar dalam kematian bayi baru lahir adalah asfiksia neonatorum. Asfiksia neonatorum adalah suatu kondisi yang terjadi ketika bayi tidak mendapatkan cukup oksigen selama proses kelahiran. Pengendalian faktor penyebab asfiksia neonatorum sangat penting dalam upaya menurunkan prevalensi terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan studi literatur terkait faktor penyebab terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum. Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian adalah literatur review. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh artikel hasil penelitian tentang faktor penyebab terjadinya asfiksia neonatorum. Hasil: Hasil literatur review dari lima artikel menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab asfiksia neonatorum terdiri dari cairan ketuban dengan pewarnaan meconium, BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah), persalinan lama, operasi Caesar, ketuban pecah dini, ibu primipara, persalinan rumit, cairan ketuban yang bernoda darah, ibu berumur ? 35 tahun, primigravida, tali pusat ketat, gawat janin intrapartum, malpresentasi janin, dilahirkan melalui rute vagina dengan bantuan vakum, dilahirkan pada malam hari dan dilahirkan dengan bantuan dokter magang sendiri. Kesimpulan: berdasarkan review dari literatur ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa cairan ketuban bernoda meconium, BBLR, persalinan lama dan ketuban pecah dini merupakan faktor penyebab asfiksia neonatorum yang memiliki pengaruh lebih besar.
Kata kunci: asfiksia neonatorum, faktor penyebab
Background: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is an important indicator to reflect the state of health status in a society. One of the intrapartum events that has a large contribution to the death of newborns is neonatal asphyxia. Asphyxia neonatorum is a condition that occurs when the baby does not get enough oxygen during the birth process. Therefore, controlling the factors that cause neonatal disease is very important in aneffort to reduce the prevalence of neonatal asphyxia. Objectives: To determine the factors causing the incidence of neonatal asphyxia. Methode: The research design of this scientific paper is a literature review. The population of this study were all journals of research results on the factors causing the occurrence of asphyxia neonatorum. Results: The results of the literature review from the 5 journals show the causes of neonatal asphyxia consisting of meconium stained amniotic fluid, low birth weight (LBW), prolonged labor, caesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, primiparous mothers, complicated labor, fluids. Blood stained amniotic fluid, mother ? 35 years old, primigravida, tight umbilical cord, intrapartum fetal distress, fetal malpresentation, via vaginal route with vacuum assistance, assistance at night and assisting with the help of the interns themselves.
Conclusion: This study can show that meconium stained amniotic fluid, low birth weight, prolonged labor and premature rupture of membranes are factors causing neonatal asphyxia which have a greater effect.
Keywords: Asphyxia Neonatorum, Causative Factor
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